大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A与其保持系NJCMS1B的生理生化特性比较分析

以大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A及其保持系NJCMS1B的花芽为试验材料,利用试剂盒法和紫外分光光度计测定分析了糖分含量(可溶性糖和淀粉)和总ATPase、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:相较于保持系NJCMS1B,总ATPase、PEPCK、AO和CAT活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著下降;糖分含量、SPS和SOD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中下降水平不显著;POD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著上升。根据结果分析推测,与能量代谢或胁迫响应等相关的物质或酶活性在不育系NJCMS1A中的亏损现象可能是NJCMS1A花粉败育的主要原因。     

Male-sterility in the grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus ex-Nepal) variety Jumla

Summary Twenty naturally occurring male-sterile plants were recovered from a normal population of the grain amaranth, variety Jumla. The identification of the male-sterile plants is possible during anthesis and after flowering. The male-sterility in this variety is conditioned by a single recessive nuclear gene ms.This research was supported by Grant No. AMA-KE-4-83-22 (CRG GRANT) from the National Academy of Science, USA. Reprint requests to V.K. Gupta.     

Relative susceptibility of different male-sterile cytoplasms in sorghum to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>

Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest. Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A₁ cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A₄M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The A₄G₁ and A₄M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A₄M, A₃, and A₂ cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal weights lower in A₄M and A₄VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the B-lines. The A₄M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids for sustainable crop production in future.     

津奥啉诱导草地早熟禾雄性不育的初步研究

通过津奥啉(SC2053)化学杀雄剂诱导草地早熟禾雄性不育试验的结果表明:供试的3个草地早熟禾品种在生育期幼穗长0.5～1.2cm时分别喷施剂量为5ml/L,6ml/L和7ml/L的SC2053化学杀雄剂,山峰草地早熟禾雄性不育率分别为90%,94%和97%;公园草地早熟禾分别为98%,100%和100%;巴润草地早熟禾分别为95%,98.5%和100%。除在7ml/L的剂量下,巴润草地早熟禾的小穗数与其他处理差异显著外,3个供试品种在不同剂量下穗长与小穗数差异均不显著。     

大白菜质核互作型雄性不育的转育与应用

为了保证大白菜杂交种子的纯度,提高制种效率,利用大白菜质核互作型雄性不育系CMA,与不同球叶颜色（橘红心、黄心、白心）、不同结球类型（合抱、叠抱、直筒）、适合不同季节（春、夏、秋）栽培的多种类型自交系进行杂交,后代经连续多代回交,成功选育了满足市场需求的稳定的质核互作型雄性不育系。制种试验表明,杂交种杂交率达100%,整齐度高,制种产量与利用不亲和系杂交制种相当。     

亚麻温敏雄性不育系F1、F2的优势分析

通过对以温敏亚麻雄性不育系1S为母本配制的6个杂交组合F1、F2代主要农艺性状和产量性状杂种优势的测定和分析,结果表明：不同杂交组合F1、F2代在株高和工艺长度上的平均优势均表现为负向超父本优势,而各产量性状上的平均优势均表现出很强的正向超父本优势;但与F1代相比,F2代平均优势明显下降。产量性状构成因素平均优势大小顺序为：单株产量＞单株果数＞千粒重＞每果粒数。不同组合间F1、F2代杂种优势表现差异较大,其中1S×黑亚15号组合产量性状的超父本优势最强,F1、F2代均表现出很强的杂种优势。     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系W931A及其保持系的差异蛋白质组学比较分析

采取SDS-PAGE与LC-MS/MS联用方法,对大豆质核互作雄性不育系W931A及其同型保持系W931B不同器官的蛋白质组进行比较性研究,获得差异蛋白质组的重要信息,并初步分析差异蛋白的主要功能,以期找到与大豆不育性有关的蛋白质,揭示雄性不育发生机理.研究发现,不育系W931A与其保持系W931 B种子和苗期叶片的蛋白质SDS-PAGE电泳图谱基本没有差异带,二胞花粉期花药SDS-PAGE图谱间有3条差异带.雄性不育基因表达具有时空和器官特异性,与育性有关的蛋白主要在花药中表达.对差异表达的蛋白如ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、NBS-LRR疾病抵抗蛋白质的同源物、ATP合成酶b亚基、硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶、类锌指蛋白等进行功能分析,推测不育系W931A的雄性不育可能与淀粉合成受抑制,能量代谢紊乱和细胞凋亡有关.     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系的AFLP分析

[目的]对辣椒细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系进行AFLP分析,为进一步深入研究辣椒细胞质雄性不育的分子机制奠定基础。[方法]采用AFLP技术对辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A及其保持系21B进行分析,获得不育系21A特异扩增片段。将特异扩增片段回收测序并用BLASTn和BLASTX程序在NCBI数据库中进行同源性检索和相似性比对。[结果]获得了不育系21A特异性扩增片段AA/CAG169,该片段中部分序列是Penaeus monodon性别及生长性状相关的AFLP标记序列中的串联重复序列;BLASTX和TBLASTX分析结果表明,该特异性片段的翻译产物与马铃薯的假拟gag-pol蛋白、假拟逆转座子蛋白、假拟逆转座子gag蛋白具有较高的相似性。[结论]特异性片段AA/CAG的功能可能与逆转座子有关,表明其可能与育性密切相关。     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS2A及其保持系的花药蛋白质组比较研究

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS2A是以栽培大豆组合（N8855 ´ N1628）F₂不育株为母本,以N1628为父本,通过连续回交选育而成的,N1628（或NJCMS2B）为其同型保持系。对NJCMS2A和NJCMS2B的二胞花粉期花药进行蛋白质组比较分析,获得重复性好的双向电泳图谱,在分子量18.4~116.0 kD、等电点4~7线性范围内,检测到约217个蛋白点,其中差异表达蛋白点25个,包括在NJCMS2A 中出现而在NJCMS2B中缺失的蛋白点13个,在NJCMS2A中缺失而在NJCMS2B中出现的蛋白点10个,另有2个蛋白点的表达量在NJCMS2B中比在NJCMS2A中明显增强。利用基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）技术对差异表达蛋白进行分析,获得肽质量指纹图谱,用Mascot软件搜索NCBInr数据库,鉴定出14个差异表达蛋白,其中10个在NJCMS2A中出现而在NJCMS2B中缺失和4个在NJCMS2A中缺失而在NJCMS2B中出现。对热激蛋白22 kD、半胱氨酸蛋白酶、V型H+-ATP酶A亚基、MADS盒蛋白和淀粉分枝酶等主要差异蛋白进行功能分析,推测不育系NJCMS2A雄性不育性可能与能量代谢紊乱、细胞程序化死亡（PCD）、淀粉合成受抑制和花器官发育调节基因作用失控等有关。     

Cytological study and PCD assay on pollen development of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice

A systematic cytological comparison of the anther development of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile (PSGMS) rice with its normal fertility counterpart was conducted. The results showed that pollen abortion in PSGMS rice occurred first no later than the pollen mother cell (PMC) stage and continued during the entire process of pollen development till pollen degradation. This abortive process was closely associated with the abnormal behavior of tapetum. Although tapetum degeneration in the PSGMS rice initiated as early as at the PMC stage, it proceeded slowly and did not complete until the breakdown of the pollen, in sharp contrast to the rapid disintegration of the tapetal layer during the late microspore to the bicellular pollen stage in the fertile rice. Such cytological observation was supported by the results of the TUNEL (TdT2 mediated dU TP Nick End Labeling) assay that detectsDNA fragmentation resulting from programmed cell death (PCD), indicating that the tapetum degeneration occurs in the process of PCD. __________ Translated from Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2007, 26(3): 283–288 [译自: 华中农业大学学报]